A dislocation is the wrenching out of a bone from its joint. It is usually caused by great strain put upon the joint, as in pulling or lifting heavy weights; it may also be caused by a fall or a blow striking the joint.
There is crippling disability of the part affected, the joint looks deformed and shapeless compared to the corresponding normal joint, and there is great pain and a sense of fear to move the part involved; the patient would rather leave it alone.
You will do better for the patient by not trying to reduce dislocation of larger joints; call a doctor. Keep the patient flat on his back, support arm or leg on a pillow, apply a cold compress to the injured joint and give him something hot to drink.
If the patient is to be moved, put the injured arm in a good, wide sling, if it is the leg that is injured, place a long, thin hoard under the injured limb from heel to hip, tied up with strips of any material at hand.
Dislocation of the lower jaw is easily recognized by the hanging of the chin downward and forward, and by the inability to close the mouth. Stand facing the sitting patient, put a towel over the thumbs of both your hands, and place each covered thumb firmly over the back teeth of the lower jaw while the other fingers of both hands rest under the chin.
With the thumbs, press the jaw downward and gradually push it backwards and upwards toward the patient's cars. As you feel the jaw moving into its joints, slide your thumbs off to the outside of the teeth, so as not to get your fingers hurt as the jaw snaps back into its normal position. Put a folded kerchief bandage under the jaw and tie over the top of the head
In dislocation of fingers or toes, hold the bone beyond the dislocated joint with the fingers of one hand and with the other pull the dislocated part towards you. Do it gently, gradually but firmly; and as it goes back into place, bandage snugly.
In dislocations the tissues of the joint and the tissues nearby are injured. These include the ligaments, joint capsule, muscles, blood vessels and nerves. It is therefore necessary to give the dislocated joint a long rest in order to give all tissues a chance to heal, otherwise the joint will remain weak and liable to recurrent or habitual dislocation on slight strain.
The shoulder is the most common joint to suffer such habitual dislocations. The way to prevent this condition is to keep the joint immobilized for at least 3 weeks after it is dislocated, and then to see that it receives treatment by heat and gentle massage.
One who fails to take these precautions and is getting recurrences should know how to help himself if he cannot have a doctor's help. As you hold the dislocated arm with the other hand, lie down flat on your back on a bed or on the floor, let the elbow rest on the bed or floor and hold elbow snugly along the side of the chest, then let forearm turn slowly outward until it rests flat on the bed or floor at right angle to chest, all the while the elbow and upper arm are against the chest.
Now grasp the bones at the elbow of the injured arm with the other hand and slide it over to the center of the chest at the pit of the stomach, and let at the same time the hand of the injured arm turn and touch the opposite (sound) shoulder.
By this time, or even before, you will have felt a click of the dislocated bone gliding back into its joint. Support the arm in this position with a sling for a few hours or longer. An operation is sometimes necessary to repair a joint of this kind.
see other article knee joint
elbow
There is crippling disability of the part affected, the joint looks deformed and shapeless compared to the corresponding normal joint, and there is great pain and a sense of fear to move the part involved; the patient would rather leave it alone.
You will do better for the patient by not trying to reduce dislocation of larger joints; call a doctor. Keep the patient flat on his back, support arm or leg on a pillow, apply a cold compress to the injured joint and give him something hot to drink.
If the patient is to be moved, put the injured arm in a good, wide sling, if it is the leg that is injured, place a long, thin hoard under the injured limb from heel to hip, tied up with strips of any material at hand.
Dislocation of the lower jaw is easily recognized by the hanging of the chin downward and forward, and by the inability to close the mouth. Stand facing the sitting patient, put a towel over the thumbs of both your hands, and place each covered thumb firmly over the back teeth of the lower jaw while the other fingers of both hands rest under the chin.
With the thumbs, press the jaw downward and gradually push it backwards and upwards toward the patient's cars. As you feel the jaw moving into its joints, slide your thumbs off to the outside of the teeth, so as not to get your fingers hurt as the jaw snaps back into its normal position. Put a folded kerchief bandage under the jaw and tie over the top of the head
In dislocation of fingers or toes, hold the bone beyond the dislocated joint with the fingers of one hand and with the other pull the dislocated part towards you. Do it gently, gradually but firmly; and as it goes back into place, bandage snugly.
In dislocations the tissues of the joint and the tissues nearby are injured. These include the ligaments, joint capsule, muscles, blood vessels and nerves. It is therefore necessary to give the dislocated joint a long rest in order to give all tissues a chance to heal, otherwise the joint will remain weak and liable to recurrent or habitual dislocation on slight strain.
The shoulder is the most common joint to suffer such habitual dislocations. The way to prevent this condition is to keep the joint immobilized for at least 3 weeks after it is dislocated, and then to see that it receives treatment by heat and gentle massage.
One who fails to take these precautions and is getting recurrences should know how to help himself if he cannot have a doctor's help. As you hold the dislocated arm with the other hand, lie down flat on your back on a bed or on the floor, let the elbow rest on the bed or floor and hold elbow snugly along the side of the chest, then let forearm turn slowly outward until it rests flat on the bed or floor at right angle to chest, all the while the elbow and upper arm are against the chest.
Now grasp the bones at the elbow of the injured arm with the other hand and slide it over to the center of the chest at the pit of the stomach, and let at the same time the hand of the injured arm turn and touch the opposite (sound) shoulder.
By this time, or even before, you will have felt a click of the dislocated bone gliding back into its joint. Support the arm in this position with a sling for a few hours or longer. An operation is sometimes necessary to repair a joint of this kind.
see other article knee joint
elbow
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